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  1. #1
    Al-khiyal is online now Super Moderator
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    Desertification: Environmental refugees

    Canada and other wealthy nations should prepare for a flood of environmental refugees, and treat them the same as those who flee political danger, international experts say.

    The number of people fleeing the spread of deserts or climate-change impacts such as drought and flooding is likely to hit 50 million within a decade and soar to between 135 million and 200 million by 2050, says Zafar Adeel, a director of the United Nations University.

    "Regardless of what the exact number is," it will swamp the current global total of 19 million refugees from war, genocide and all other threats, said Adeel.

    While the problem grows, support for solutions is falling, he said. Already-inadequate funding for the UN's land-degradation program dropped by 15 per cent last year.

    The issue will be the focus of a three-day conference, which opens Sunday in Algiers, Algeria. The Canadian International Development Agency is a major sponsor of the conference, which also has funding from Belgium, Iceland and several international and UN agencies.

    At present, those who claim they're environmental refugees are treated as economic refugees, which means they're usually rejected.

    No government anywhere is dealing with this new form of migration, said Janos Bogardi, another director at the UN University, which is based in Tokyo and has branches around the world, including Hamilton.

    That must change, Bogardi said. UN agencies and the Red Cross say they're already helping environmental refugees, "but on an ad hoc and humanitarian basis, without the means to do so on a large scale."

    Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia and New Zealand are likely targets for the exodus, he said.

    Future refugees will flee climate impact

  2. #2
    Al-khiyal is online now Super Moderator
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    ALGIERS: The UN International Year of Deserts and Desertification has ended with stark warnings from experts about the expansion of uninhabitable zones and an increase in climate-driven migration.

    Desertification - the expansion of desert areas, caused by growing populations and climate changes - is one of the most important global issues, UN Under Secretary-General Hans Van Ginkel said at the start of a three-day conference in the Algerian capital.

    "It has become more and more evident that desertification is one of the most important global challenges, destabilising societies the world over," said Van Ginkel, who is also rector of the United Nations University (UNU), a partner in the event involving around 200 experts from 25 countries.

    Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, host of the conference, said that desertification "affects a third of the surface of our planet, more than the surface of China, Canada and Brazil combined," and is a threat to world peace.

    Bouteflika called in a speech opening the event for a concerted, global effort, saying it was "more urgent that ever" to put into practice measures agreed at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to tackle desertification and preserve non-renewable resources. Around 2 billion people live in areas threatened by desertification.

    The implications for human migration are huge, with estimates today showing that migrants uprooted primarily by environmental factors now exceed the number of political refugees, according to a UNU statement.

    Desertification has been on the world agenda for 50 years but efforts to arrest the problem have been chronically under-funded, and the situation is getting demonstrably worse every year, the organization said.

    It is still not known precisely how fast the process is unfolding, much less how best to address it.

    One of those in attendance was Professor Rattan Lal of Ohio State University, who said poor developing-country households must switch to clean cooking fuels instead of burning crop residue and animal dung.

    This will stop the loss of valuable sources of nutrients needed to forestall desertification and world hunger, Lal said.

    By modestly improving soil quality in developing countries, an extra 20 to 30 million tonnes of food per year could be produced - enough to feed the number of people being added to their populations annually - at a cost of less than two billion dollars (1.5 billion euros) per year.

    Karl Harmsen, director of UNU's Ghana-based Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, noted estimates that Africa may be able to feed just 25 percent of its population by 2025 if the decline in soil conditions continues on the continent.

    UN 'International Year of Deserts' ends with stark warnings

  3. #3
    Cheba_Mami is offline Moderator
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    by 2050, thus time enough to find solutions? anyone? Seriously, people should be more concerned about their environment.

  4. #4
    Al-khiyal is online now Super Moderator
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    Le président de la République, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, a affirmé hier dans son allocution d’ouverture de la conférence internationale sur la désertification que la lutte contre ce fléau devrait être considérée par la communauté internationale comme «l’un des problèmes mondiaux du XXIème siècle». Il a d’ailleurs appelé cette communauté à l’adoption d’une charte mondiale des déserts et de la lutte contre la désertification.

    Devant les représentants des Nations unies, ceux du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM), les membres du gouvernement et de nombreux experts algériens et étrangers, le chef de l’Etat a tenu à avertir que «l’extension dramatique de la désertification menacera, sans doute, la sécurité alimentaire de nombreux peuples, notamment les plus pauvres» et qu’elle «aggravera et compliquera le fléau de l’immigration.»

    Présentant le cas de l’Algérie qui a connu une grande désertification induite par la déforestation à grande échelle par les forces militaires coloniales, et les efforts menés pour y faire face, le président Bouteflika a mis en exergue la politique mise en œuvre depuis 2000 visant à faire coïncider, notamment, les objectifs d’amélioration de la productivité des ressources naturelles avec ceux de leur utilisation durable. «Nous avons adopté en 1994 et ratifié en 1995 la Convention des Nations unies sur la lutte contre la désertification, et consenti, à cet effet, de lourds investissements», rappelle le Président avant de préciser qu’actuellement «la désertification affecte 1/3 de la surface de notre planète et plus d’un milliard de personnes». Une situation qui générera «des tensions sociales, économiques et politiques très lourdes en raison de la pauvreté, de la famine, de l’insécurité alimentaire et des flux migratoires de réfugiés environnementaux». Affirmant que les résultats les plus dramatiques de ce fléau sont enregistrés sur le continent africain, le premier magistrat du pays n’a pas manqué d’appeler à la mobilisation réelle et à la solidarité effective de la communauté internationale et des pays les plus riches pour soutenir le Nepad, «l’initiative africaine, unique et novatrice qui constitue une réponse résolue, rationnelle et responsable aux défis majeurs qui se posent aujourd’hui à l’Afrique». Il ne manquera pas également de rappeler aux pays riches qu’ils sont «le plus souvent, historiquement, à l’origine de l’état préoccupant de l’Afrique, d’une part, et les plus grands pollueurs de la planète, d’autre part». Le président de la République a enfin soutenu qu’il «est plus que jamais urgent d’assurer la mise en œuvre des programmes de travail complémentaires des trois conventions des Nations unies issues du sommet de la Terre de Rio».

    Le président Bouteflika appelle à l’adoption d’une charte mondiale des déserts

  5. #5
    Al-khiyal is online now Super Moderator
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    Les politiques de lutte contre l’avancée du désert menées jusqu’à maintenant n’ont pas donné de résultats probants dans les pays touchés par ce phénomène, qui menace, selon les experts, 50 millions de personnes dans les dix prochaines années, ce qui aura également un impact sur la migration mondiale. Outre l’absence de moyens et de techniques efficaces pour lutter contre la désertification, par chaque pays concerné, les experts évoquent le refus de la plupart des pays développés, à leur tête les Etats-Unis, d’adhérer aux accords internationaux, tels que le protocole de Kyoto dont l’application permettrait de limiter le réchauffement de la planète et donc la désertification. Des experts algériens et étrangers réunis hier, au palais des Nations, à l’ouverture de la conférence internationale des Nations unies sur la désertification et l’impératif international des politiques de soutien, ont rappelé les chiffres alarmants sur le phénomène de la désertification. Les zones arides représentent 41% de la surface du la planète dont 20% sont dégradées et touchent une population de 2 milliards d’habitants, dont 50% vivent dans un dénuement total. L’Algérie n’est pas épargnée par ce phénomène qui fait des ravages, particulièrement dans le continent noir. Ainsi, 40,000 hectares sont menacés chaque année par l’avancée du désert en Algérie, estiment les experts. Le ministre de l’Environnement et les différents responsables qui sont intervenus à l’ouverture de cette rencontre, ont appelé les pays riches à soutenir financièrement les pays pauvres, notamment le continent africain, pour lutter contre la désertification. Intervenant lors de cette rencontre qui durera trois jours, le secrétaire général adjoint de l’ONU, M. Hans Van Ginkel, a appelé à la mise en œuvre de politiques internationales pour lutter contre la désertification. Selon lui, la conférence d’Alger «doit trouver la démarche adéquate à suivre et identifier les solutions pour tirer le meilleur profit des ressources humaines, technologiques, institutionnelles et aussi financières mondiales pour faire face à ce défi».

    Le représentant des Nations unies a affirmé la disponibilité des différentes parties au sein du système des Nations unies à accompagner les efforts nationaux effectifs dans la lutte contre la désertification, en raison du fait que les gouvernements sont souvent confrontés à un manque de moyens financiers pour mener à bien des politiques efficaces. La conférence d’Alger clôture une année de manifestations organisées dans le cadre de l’Année internationale de lutte contre la désertification 2006, proclamée par l’ONU. Il est à noter que les ministres arabes en charge de l’environnement et du développement durable, sous l’égide de la Ligue arabe, se rencontreront à Alger, mardi et mercredi prochains pour la tenue de leur 18ème conseil, lequel sera axé sur le commerce et l’environnement. La question relative à la lutte contre la désertification sera également à l’ordre du jour.

    40,000 hectares menacés chaque année par l’avancée du désert en Algérie

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  7. #7
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    Algiers, 29 December 2006 (IPS) - - Two hundred kilometres. A long distance to some, perhaps, but in the context of desertification in Algeria, alarmingly short.

    Going in to 2007, the Sahara will have advanced to within 200 kilometres of the Mediterranean coastline of this North African state. And, warns President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, it may well extend further north to the shores of his country if more concerted action is not taken.

    He was speaking at the third International Festival of Cultures and Civilisations of Desert Peoples, held Dec. 13-20 in the Algerian capital of Algiers. For several years, said Bouteflika, "Algeria lost, each year, 40,000 hectares of its most fertile lands because of desertification."

    Ninety percent of the country is already desert, including the south and a large part of the north. Desertification has also affected 13 million hectares of territory over the past 10 years, according to figures from the Ministry of Agriculture.

    Not everyone sounds quite as pessimistic a note as the head of state.

    "The desert is today slowed in its progress towards the north thanks to different initiatives carried out to counter it," says Lakhdar Brouri of the High Commission for Development of the Steppe (Haut commissariat au développement de la steppe, HCDS). (A steppe is a vast plain, covered in grass and typically treeless, which has a semi-arid climate.)

    In the 1970s, a large-scale project called the "green barrier" was introduced. It involved putting in place a stretch of greenery some 400 kilometres long and 150 kilometres wide between the desertified south and Mediterranean north.

    Unfortunately, says Malik Raheb, an agricultural engineer and conservation specialist, the project experienced difficulties. "The destructive overgrazing of the plant cover…and excessive deforestation caused the failure of this initiative," he notes.

    During the same period, 1,000 water points were set up in the desert, and the same number of dykes to divert flood waters from seasonal rivers so that these could be used to fertilise surrounding areas.

    The HCDS was itself established in 1981 to regenerate and protect the Algerian steppe, which extends over an area of 32 million hectares some 200 kilometres to the south of Algiers - and helps protect against the advance of the desert.

    The commission says that since its creation, 2.6 million hectares of steppe have been restored, while seven million still require attention. "Our efforts on the ground have borne fruit. We have given back hope to the population that lives in this region," says Brouri.

    The steppe is inhabited by more than seven million people, out of a total population of some 33 million. Those living in the vast area depend mainly on livestock for their livelihood, the area also being home to some 18 million head of sheep.

    "Today, the desert is very well controlled in Algeria, since the HCDS invested in the land and achieved substantial gains in the fight against desertification," notes Brouri.

    But President Bouteflika has yet to be reassured, saying the various anti-desertification projects have achieved only partial success. Such concerns recently prompted government to set aside 2.5 billion dollars for agencies involved in the fight against desertification, to move ahead with development of the south.

    Algeria worries over desertification

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